Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core


Dahl-Jensen, D., Albert, M. R., Aldahan, A., Azuma, N., Balslev-Clausen, D., Baumgartner, M., Berggren, A.-M., Bigler, M., Binder, T., Blunier, T., Bourgeois, J. C., Brook, E. J., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Capron, E., Chappellaz, J., Chung, J., Clausen, H. B., Cvijanovic, I., Davies, S. M., Ditlevsen, P., Eicher, O., Fischer, H., Fisher, D. A., Fleet, L. G., Gfeller, G., Gkinis, V., Gogineni, S., Grinsted, A., Goto-Azuma, K., Gudlaugsdottir, H., Guillevic, M., Hansen, S. B., Hansson, M., Hirabayashi, M., Hong, S., Hur, S. D., Huybrechts, P., Hvidberg, C. S., Jenk, T., Iizuka, Y., Johnsen, S. J., Jones, T. R., Jouzel, J., Karlsson, N. B., Kawamura, K., Keegan, K., Kettner, E., Kipfstuhl, Sepp, Kjær, H. A., Koutnik, M., Kuramoto, T., Köhler, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-8484, Laepple, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7520, Landais, A., Langen, P. L., Larsen, L. B., Leuenberger, D., Leuenberger, M., Leuschen, C., Li, J., Lipenkov, V., Martinerie, P., Maselli, O. J., Masson-Delmotte, V., McConnell, J. R., Miller, Heinrich, Mini, O., Miyamoto, A., Montagnat-Rentier, M., Mulvaney, R., Muscheler, R., Paden, J., Orsi, A. J., Panton, C., Pattyn, F., Petit, J.-R., Pol, K., Popp, T., Possnert, G., Prié, F., Prokopiou, M., Quiquet, A., Rasmussen, S. O., Raynaud, D., Ren, J., Reutenauer, C., Ritz, C., Röckmann, T., Rosen, J. L., Rubino, M., Rybak, O., Samyn, D., Sapart, C. J., Schilt, A., Schmidt, A. M. Z., Schüpbach, S., Schwander, J., Seierstad, I., Severinghaus, J. P., Sheldon, S., Simonsen, S. B., Sjolte, J., Solgaard, A. M., Sowers, T., Sperlich, P., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Steffen, K., Steffensen, J. P., Steinhage, Daniel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-9751, Stocker, T. F., Stowasser, C., Sturevik, A. S., Sturges, W. T., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A., Svensson, A., Tison, J.-L., Uetake, J., Vallelonga, P., van de Wal, R. S. W., van der Wel, G., Vaughn, B. H., Vinther, B., Waddington, E., Wegner, Anna, Weikusat, Ilka ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-6036, White, J. W. C., Wilhelms, Frank ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7688-3135, Winstrup, M., Witrant, E., Wolff, E. W., Xiao, C. and Zheng, J. ;
Contact
Peter.Koehler [ at ] awi.de

Abstract

Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (‘NEEM’) ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 ± 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 ± 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 ± 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.



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Article
Authors
Dahl-Jensen, D., Albert, M. R., Aldahan, A., Azuma, N., Balslev-Clausen, D., Baumgartner, M., Berggren, A.-M., Bigler, M., Binder, T., Blunier, T., Bourgeois, J. C., Brook, E. J., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Capron, E., Chappellaz, J., Chung, J., Clausen, H. B., Cvijanovic, I., Davies, S. M., Ditlevsen, P., Eicher, O., Fischer, H., Fisher, D. A., Fleet, L. G., Gfeller, G., Gkinis, V., Gogineni, S., Grinsted, A., Goto-Azuma, K., Gudlaugsdottir, H., Guillevic, M., Hansen, S. B., Hansson, M., Hirabayashi, M., Hong, S., Hur, S. D., Huybrechts, P., Hvidberg, C. S., Jenk, T., Iizuka, Y., Johnsen, S. J., Jones, T. R., Jouzel, J., Karlsson, N. B., Kawamura, K., Keegan, K., Kettner, E., Kipfstuhl, Sepp, Kjær, H. A., Koutnik, M., Kuramoto, T., Köhler, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-8484, Laepple, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7520, Landais, A., Langen, P. L., Larsen, L. B., Leuenberger, D., Leuenberger, M., Leuschen, C., Li, J., Lipenkov, V., Martinerie, P., Maselli, O. J., Masson-Delmotte, V., McConnell, J. R., Miller, Heinrich, Mini, O., Miyamoto, A., Montagnat-Rentier, M., Mulvaney, R., Muscheler, R., Paden, J., Orsi, A. J., Panton, C., Pattyn, F., Petit, J.-R., Pol, K., Popp, T., Possnert, G., Prié, F., Prokopiou, M., Quiquet, A., Rasmussen, S. O., Raynaud, D., Ren, J., Reutenauer, C., Ritz, C., Röckmann, T., Rosen, J. L., Rubino, M., Rybak, O., Samyn, D., Sapart, C. J., Schilt, A., Schmidt, A. M. Z., Schüpbach, S., Schwander, J., Seierstad, I., Severinghaus, J. P., Sheldon, S., Simonsen, S. B., Sjolte, J., Solgaard, A. M., Sowers, T., Sperlich, P., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Steffen, K., Steffensen, J. P., Steinhage, Daniel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-9751, Stocker, T. F., Stowasser, C., Sturevik, A. S., Sturges, W. T., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A., Svensson, A., Tison, J.-L., Uetake, J., Vallelonga, P., van de Wal, R. S. W., van der Wel, G., Vaughn, B. H., Vinther, B., Waddington, E., Wegner, Anna, Weikusat, Ilka ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-6036, White, J. W. C., Wilhelms, Frank ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7688-3135, Winstrup, M., Witrant, E., Wolff, E. W., Xiao, C. and Zheng, J. ;
Divisions
Primary Division
Programs
Primary Topic
Publication Status
Published
Eprint ID
32047
DOI 10.1038/nature11789

Cite as
Dahl-Jensen, D. , Albert, M. R. , Aldahan, A. , Azuma, N. , Balslev-Clausen, D. , Baumgartner, M. , Berggren, A. M. , Bigler, M. , Binder, T. , Blunier, T. , Bourgeois, J. C. , Brook, E. J. , Buchardt, S. L. , Buizert, C. , Capron, E. , Chappellaz, J. , Chung, J. , Clausen, H. B. , Cvijanovic, I. , Davies, S. M. , Ditlevsen, P. , Eicher, O. , Fischer, H. , Fisher, D. A. , Fleet, L. G. , Gfeller, G. , Gkinis, V. , Gogineni, S. , Grinsted, A. , Goto-Azuma, K. , Gudlaugsdottir, H. , Guillevic, M. , Hansen, S. B. , Hansson, M. , Hirabayashi, M. , Hong, S. , Hur, S. D. , Huybrechts, P. , Hvidberg, C. S. , Jenk, T. , Iizuka, Y. , Johnsen, S. J. , Jones, T. R. , Jouzel, J. , Karlsson, N. B. , Kawamura, K. , Keegan, K. , Kettner, E. , Kipfstuhl, S. , Kjær, H. A. , Koutnik, M. , Kuramoto, T. , Köhler, P. , Laepple, T. , Landais, A. , Langen, P. L. , Larsen, L. B. , Leuenberger, D. , Leuenberger, M. , Leuschen, C. , Li, J. , Lipenkov, V. , Martinerie, P. , Maselli, O. J. , Masson-Delmotte, V. , McConnell, J. R. , Miller, H. , Mini, O. , Miyamoto, A. , Montagnat-Rentier, M. , Mulvaney, R. , Muscheler, R. , Paden, J. , Orsi, A. J. , Panton, C. , Pattyn, F. , Petit, J. R. , Pol, K. , Popp, T. , Possnert, G. , Prié, F. , Prokopiou, M. , Quiquet, A. , Rasmussen, S. O. , Raynaud, D. , Ren, J. , Reutenauer, C. , Ritz, C. , Röckmann, T. , Rosen, J. L. , Rubino, M. , Rybak, O. , Samyn, D. , Sapart, C. J. , Schilt, A. , Schmidt, A. M. Z. , Schüpbach, S. , Schwander, J. , Seierstad, I. , Severinghaus, J. P. , Sheldon, S. , Simonsen, S. B. , Sjolte, J. , Solgaard, A. M. , Sowers, T. , Sperlich, P. , Steen-Larsen, H. C. , Steffen, K. , Steffensen, J. P. , Steinhage, D. , Stocker, T. F. , Stowasser, C. , Sturevik, A. S. , Sturges, W. T. , Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. , Svensson, A. , Tison, J. L. , Uetake, J. , Vallelonga, P. , van de Wal, R. S. W. , van der Wel, G. , Vaughn, B. H. , Vinther, B. , Waddington, E. , Wegner, A. , Weikusat, I. , White, J. W. C. , Wilhelms, F. , Winstrup, M. , Witrant, E. , Wolff, E. W. , Xiao, C. and Zheng, J. , NEEM community members (2013): Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core , Nature, 493 (7433), pp. 489-494 . doi: 10.1038/nature11789


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