It is important to recognize that removal efforts alone cannot solve the plastic problem and that they fail to address the scale or wider issues of plastic pollution. The only sustainable, safe, long-term, and effective solution to the global plastics crisis is to significantly reduce, simplify and detoxify plastic polymers and products, and to establish and implement measures to prevent their release to the environment along their full life cycle. In the transition towards this goal, targeted removal of existing plastic pollution and remediation of environments contaminated with legacy plastics and associated chemicals is necessary to mitigate the detrimental impacts on ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health, and to restore natural habitats and their functions. This policy brief outlines key environmental, economic, social and transparency factors to consider in the removal of existing and legacy plastic pollution.