Atmospheric measurements taken over the span of an entire year between October 2019 and September 2020 during the icebreaker-based Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition provide insight into processes acting in the Arctic atmosphere. Through the merging of disparate yet complementary in situ observations, we can derive information about these thermodynamic and kinematic processes with great detail. This paper describes methods used to create a lower-atmospheric properties dataset containing information on several key features relating to the central Arctic atmospheric boundary layer, including properties of temperature inversions, low-level jets, near-surface meteorological conditions, cloud cover, and the surface radiation budget. The lower-atmospheric properties dataset was developed using observations from radiosondes launched at least four times per day, a 10 m meteorological tower and radiation station deployed on the sea ice near the research vessel Polarstern, and a ceilometer located on the deck of the Polarstern. This lower-atmospheric properties dataset, which can be found at 10.1594/PANGAEA.957760 (Jozef et al., 2023), contains metrics which fall into the overarching categories of temperature, wind, stability, clouds, and radiation at the time of each radiosonde launch. The purpose of the lower-atmospheric properties dataset is to provide a consistent description of general atmospheric boundary layer conditions throughout the MOSAiC year, which can aid in research applications with the overall goal of gaining a greater understanding of the atmospheric processes governing the central Arctic and how they may contribute to future climate change.