A 64-cm long sediment core from Zolotoe Lake (51°51′28.74″N, 80°15′59.16″E), situated in the Kulunda Plain in the West Siberian Lowland of Russia, has been dated with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 14C (37 dates), 210Pb and 137Cs (upper 19 cm) methods, providing a continuous record since ca 1800 cal yr BP. The comparisons of paired 14C ages of A- and ABA-treated sedimentary total organic carbon (TOC) from 20 horizons indicate that old carbon influence (OCI) existed on some ABA-treated samples due to uptake of dissolved CO2 in the lake water. Combining sedimentary feature, mineralogy, geochemical proxies and pollen assemblages, we reconstructed detailed environmental changes since 200 CE. The acid-leachable (0.5N HCl, AL) elements and Aqua Regia open dissolution (AR) elements measured by ICP-OES were discussed for deciphering lake chemistry and terrestrial input. In the Zolotoe Lake core, AL Ca/K instead of Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca is an indicator of lake salinity, with higher ratio reflecting higher salinity; and vice versa. AL Al/Ti is positively correlated with surface runoff. AL Mn/Fe and Mn/Al (rather than AL U/Al) are proxies for redox conditions with higher ratio pointing more oxic conditions. During Roman Warm Period (RWP, 200-400 CE) warming and wet conditions were prevailing. Cold and wet climates occurred during Dark Ages Cold Period (DACP, 450-800 CE). Many lakes in the Volchikhinsky lake system might be connected at that time to form a large lake. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 900-1300 CE), warm and relatively wet conditions prevailed in the interval 900-1200 CE; but from 1200 to 1300 CE climate was warmer and drier. Colder and drier conditions coincided with the early Little Ice Age (LIA) (1400-1750 CE), but the late LIA (1750-1850 CE) climate was cold and wet. The large Volchikhinsky Lake became a lake system with separated small lakes around 1600 CE. The Current Warm Period (CWP, 1850 CE-present), warming trend is documented in the lake sediments coinciding well with regional instrumental records. The Zolotoe Lake sediments reflect strong human impact since 1950 CE.