Deep current variability from a carbonate contourite system in the Agulhas Region from late Miocene to early Pliocene (IODP Site U1475)
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-2393, Jovane, Luigi, Takashimizu, Yasuhiro, Lathika, Nambiyathodi, Albuquerque, Ana Luiza S, Hall, Ian R and Hemming, Sidney
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Recent studies have demonstrated that contourites from the Agulhas Plateau (AP) are unique archives for reconstructing the global thermohaline circulation. Nonetheless, the strength of the current regime influencing the AP and a significant proportion of reworked sediments may influence the interpretation of proxies and sedimentation rates, among other factors. Recently, many studies have focused on shallow contouritic systems, emphasising shallow carbonate drifts, for which the bulk composition of detrital components has been well characterized. In contrast, research on deep contourites is less frequent and particularly sparse in the context of deep carbonate contouritic deposits. To identify potential proxies for current intensity in deep carbonate contourites, we conducted a high-resolution study based on bulk elemental geochemical and grain size data, as well as cyclostratigraphy and statistical analysis. Here, we present an age model for the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1475 (Indian Ocean - South Atlantic Ocean) on a precessional time scale spanning the Miocene-Pliocene transition and identify the potential use of the ln (Ca/Sr) ratio for reconstructing changes in the vigor of near-bottom current at this site. The potential application of this geochemical ratio is based on the unusual opposing trend between calcium and strontium, despite both being associated with carbonates. Intense bottom currents likely enhance the winnowing of fine carbonates (Sr-enriched calcareous nannofossils), concentrating relatively coarser carbonates (Ca-enriched foraminifera) in sediments. Spectral analyses reveal that obliquity (41 kyr), with a prominent ∼173 kyr amplitude modulation, is the primary orbital forcing driving deep circulation from 6.1 to ∼5.6 Myr, whereas short eccentricity (100 kyr) and modulation of obliquity (∼173 kyr) show stronger influence it from ∼5.6 Myr. At 5.45 Myr, the influence of short eccentricity is strong enough to favor high flow speeds at Site U1475, which is coeval with the earliest Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Moreover, these high current intensity occur in phase with maximum obliquity during the cold periods (e.g., TG14, TG12), while low current intensity occur concurrently with minimum obliquity. Based on the integrated data utilized, we propose that ln (Ca/Sr) serves as a reliable proxy for reconstructing near-bottom current speed variability at specific depths within carbonate systems, such as the Agulhas Plateau.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-2393, Jovane, Luigi, Takashimizu, Yasuhiro, Lathika, Nambiyathodi, Albuquerque, Ana Luiza S, Hall, Ian R and Hemming, Sidney
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